World Health Organization has said Nigeria is making notable progress in tackling tuberculosis (TB), with improved detection, expanded access to testing and treatment, and stronger healthcare services for vulnerable populations.
In a recent statement, WHO highlighted that Nigeria’s experience demonstrates that meaningful progress is achievable when strong government leadership is combined with sustained technical support and collaboration with partners.
A key example cited was the case of a 21-year-old woman in Nasarawa State who, after weeks of persistent coughing, sought medical help following a radio awareness campaign. She was diagnosed within hours using the GeneXpert rapid testing system and immediately placed on treatment under the national programme. She later recovered fully, reflecting the impact of improved diagnostic access and timely care.
According to WHO, Nigeria continues to bear a heavy TB burden, with an estimated 510,000 new cases annually, including about 61,000 children. In 2025, however, 458,534 cases were successfully detected and reported — a significant increase from 106,533 cases in 2018. This indicates that more than 80 per cent of estimated TB cases are now being identified nationwide.
Children account for about 10 per cent of reported cases, highlighting ongoing gaps in paediatric TB detection. WHO noted that while progress has been recorded, approximately 63,000 cases still go undetected each year, contributing to continued transmission.
The country’s TB response is being led by the Federal Ministry of Health and Social Welfare through the National Tuberculosis, Buruli Ulcer and Leprosy Control Programme, with support from partners such as the Global Fund.
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Despite these gains, major challenges remain. These include multidrug-resistant TB, TB-HIV co-infection, stigma, and limited access to testing in underserved communities. Additionally, about 71 per cent of TB-affected households face severe financial hardship due to treatment-related costs and loss of income.
WHO stressed the need for increased domestic funding, especially as external support declines. It also emphasized the importance of coordinated efforts across sectors such as housing, education, and social protection.
With ongoing innovations, community engagement, and policy development — including a new national TB strategic plan for 2027–2031 — Nigeria is steadily advancing toward ending TB as a public health threat.
